In short: a 5% increase in supply via new issuance (and a 70% burn rate for transactions).
NEAR Protocol launched with a supply of 1B NEAR tokens, 176M of which will be circulating. New supply issuance will not begin until Mainnet Phase II. You can read about token distribution
here.According to the
Economics Blog Post and
Economics Paper, 5% of additional supply is issued yearly: 90% goes to validators (4.5% total) and 10% to the protocol treasury (0.5% total). 30% of transaction fees are rebated to the contracts touched by the transaction and 70% are burned. Read more about token distribution
here.